갈닦아
gahl-dah-ggah
galdakka
regular
갈닦다
To say to rub, to polish (a stone or jade) politely in the present tense, use 갈닦아요 (gahl-dah-ggah-yoh) · galdakkayo. Below is the full conjugation of 갈닦다 across the three tenses and three everyday speech levels.
Grammar note (regular): Regular verbs and adjectives conjugate predictably. Before 어-series suffixes, vowels may contract (가 + 아 → 가, 보 + 아 → 봐), but no consonant in the stem changes. If the final vowel of the stem is ㅏ or ㅗ, use 아; otherwise use 어. Consonant-final stems: 먹 + 어 → 먹어; vowel-final: 가 + 아 → 가.
Conjugation table
pron. = pronunciation guide · RR = Revised Romanization
| Tense | Casual (반말) | Polite (요) | Formal (합니다) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | 갈닦아요 gahl-dah-ggah-yoh galdakkayo | 갈닦습니다 gahl-dahgg-seum-nee-dah galdakseumnida | |
| Past | 갈닦았어 gahl-dah-ggah-ssuh galdakkasseo | 갈닦았어요 gahl-dah-ggah-ssuh-yoh galdakkasseoyo | 갈닦았습니다 gahl-dah-ggah-sseum-nee-dah galdakkasseumnida |
| Future | 갈닦을 거야 gahl-dah-ggeul guh-yah galdakkeul geoya | 갈닦을 거예요 gahl-dah-ggeul guh-yae-yoh galdakkeul geoyeyo | 갈닦을 겁니다 gahl-dah-ggeul guhm-nee-dah galdakkeul geomnida |
Other useful forms
Honorific / Command Polite (-(으)세요)
갈닦으세요
gahl-dah-ggeu-sae-yoh
galdakkeuseyo
Suggestion / Let's Polite (요)
갈닦아요
gahl-dah-ggah-yoh
galdakkayo
Question Polite (요)
갈닦아요?
gahl-dah-ggah-yoh-?
galdakkayo?
Connective "and" — (고)
갈닦고
gahl-dahgg-goh
galdakgo
Conditional "if" — (면)
갈닦으면
gahl-dah-ggeu-myuhn
galdakkeumyeon
Progressive (고 있어요)
갈닦고 있어요
gahl-dahgg-goh ee-ssuh-yoh
galdakgo isseoyo
Want to (고 싶어요)
갈닦고 싶어요
gahl-dahgg-goh shee-puh-yoh
galdakgo sipeoyo
Can / Able to ((으)ㄹ 수 있어요)
갈닦을 수 있어요
gahl-dah-ggeul soo ee-ssuh-yoh
galdakkeul su isseoyo
Because / So (아/어서)
갈닦아서
gahl-dah-ggah-suh
galdakkaseo
Noun form — (기)
갈닦기
gahl-dahgg-gee
galdakgi
Noun form — (음)
갈닦음
gahl-dah-ggeum
galdakkeum