갈고닦아
gahl-goh-dah-ggah
galgodakka
regular
갈고닦다
To say to hone, to polish (a skill) politely in the present tense, use 갈고닦아요 (gahl-goh-dah-ggah-yoh) · galgodakkayo. Below is the full conjugation of 갈고닦다 across the three tenses and three everyday speech levels.
Grammar note (regular): Regular verbs and adjectives conjugate predictably. Before 어-series suffixes, vowels may contract (가 + 아 → 가, 보 + 아 → 봐), but no consonant in the stem changes. If the final vowel of the stem is ㅏ or ㅗ, use 아; otherwise use 어. Consonant-final stems: 먹 + 어 → 먹어; vowel-final: 가 + 아 → 가.
Conjugation table
pron. = pronunciation guide · RR = Revised Romanization
| Tense | Casual (반말) | Polite (요) | Formal (합니다) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | 갈고닦아요 gahl-goh-dah-ggah-yoh galgodakkayo | 갈고닦습니다 gahl-goh-dahgg-seum-nee-dah galgodakseumnida | |
| Past | 갈고닦았어 gahl-goh-dah-ggah-ssuh galgodakkasseo | 갈고닦았어요 gahl-goh-dah-ggah-ssuh-yoh galgodakkasseoyo | 갈고닦았습니다 gahl-goh-dah-ggah-sseum-nee-dah galgodakkasseumnida |
| Future | 갈고닦을 거야 gahl-goh-dah-ggeul guh-yah galgodakkeul geoya | 갈고닦을 거예요 gahl-goh-dah-ggeul guh-yae-yoh galgodakkeul geoyeyo | 갈고닦을 겁니다 gahl-goh-dah-ggeul guhm-nee-dah galgodakkeul geomnida |
Other useful forms
Honorific / Command Polite (-(으)세요)
갈고닦으세요
gahl-goh-dah-ggeu-sae-yoh
galgodakkeuseyo
Suggestion / Let's Polite (요)
갈고닦아요
gahl-goh-dah-ggah-yoh
galgodakkayo
Question Polite (요)
갈고닦아요?
gahl-goh-dah-ggah-yoh-?
galgodakkayo?
Connective "and" — (고)
갈고닦고
gahl-goh-dahgg-goh
galgodakgo
Conditional "if" — (면)
갈고닦으면
gahl-goh-dah-ggeu-myuhn
galgodakkeumyeon
Progressive (고 있어요)
갈고닦고 있어요
gahl-goh-dahgg-goh ee-ssuh-yoh
galgodakgo isseoyo
Want to (고 싶어요)
갈고닦고 싶어요
gahl-goh-dahgg-goh shee-puh-yoh
galgodakgo sipeoyo
Can / Able to ((으)ㄹ 수 있어요)
갈고닦을 수 있어요
gahl-goh-dah-ggeul soo ee-ssuh-yoh
galgodakkeul su isseoyo
Because / So (아/어서)
갈고닦아서
gahl-goh-dah-ggah-suh
galgodakkaseo
Noun form — (기)
갈고닦기
gahl-goh-dahgg-gee
galgodakgi
Noun form — (음)
갈고닦음
gahl-goh-dah-ggeum
galgodakkeum