고약해
goh-yah-kae
goyakae
고약하다
To say awful, nasty, foul politely in the present tense, use 고약해요 (goh-yah-kae-yoh) · goyakaeyo. Below is the full conjugation of 고약하다 across the three tenses and three everyday speech levels.
Grammar note (하다 verb (adj)): 하다 adjectives use the same verb 하다 as a suffix to turn descriptive nouns into predicates (행복하다 = to be happy). They conjugate identically to 하다 verbs: the 하 contracts before -아/-어 suffixes to give 해. 행복해요, 행복했어요, 행복합니다. See all 하다 verbs →
Conjugation table
pron. = pronunciation guide · RR = Revised Romanization
Highlighted = where the stem changes
| Tense | Casual (반말) | Polite (요) | Formal (합니다) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | 고약해요 goh-yah-kae-yoh goyakaeyo | 고약합니다 goh-yah-kahm-nee-dah goyakamnida | |
| Past | 고약했어 goh-yah-kae-ssuh goyakaesseo | 고약했어요 goh-yah-kae-ssuh-yoh goyakaesseoyo | 고약했습니다 goh-yah-kae-sseum-nee-dah goyakaesseumnida |
| Future | 고약할 거야 goh-yah-kahl guh-yah goyakal geoya | 고약할 거예요 goh-yah-kahl guh-yae-yoh goyakal geoyeyo | 고약할 겁니다 goh-yah-kahl guhm-nee-dah goyakal geomnida |
Other useful forms
Honorific / Command Polite (-(으)세요)
고약하세요
goh-yah-kah-sae-yoh
goyakaseyo
Suggestion / Let's Polite (요)
고약해요
goh-yah-kae-yoh
goyakaeyo
Question Polite (요)
고약해요?
goh-yah-kae-yoh-?
goyakaeyo?
Connective "and" — (고)
고약하고
goh-yah-kah-goh
goyakago
Conditional "if" — (면)
고약하면
goh-yah-kah-myuhn
goyakamyeon
Progressive (고 있어요)
고약하고 있어요
goh-yah-kah-goh ee-ssuh-yoh
goyakago isseoyo
Want to (고 싶어요)
고약하고 싶어요
goh-yah-kah-goh shee-puh-yoh
goyakago sipeoyo
Can / Able to ((으)ㄹ 수 있어요)
고약할 수 있어요
goh-yah-kahl soo ee-ssuh-yoh
goyakal su isseoyo
Because / So (아/어서)
고약해서
goh-yah-kae-suh
goyakaeseo
Noun form — (기)
고약하기
goh-yah-kah-gee
goyakagi
Noun form — (음)
고약함
goh-yah-kahm
goyakam