과
gwah
gwa
regular
고다
To say to stew (to simmer slowly) politely in the present tense, use 과요 (gwah-yoh) · gwayo. Below is the full conjugation of 고다 across the three tenses and three everyday speech levels.
Grammar note (regular): Regular verbs and adjectives conjugate predictably. Before 어-series suffixes, vowels may contract (가 + 아 → 가, 보 + 아 → 봐), but no consonant in the stem changes. If the final vowel of the stem is ㅏ or ㅗ, use 아; otherwise use 어. Consonant-final stems: 먹 + 어 → 먹어; vowel-final: 가 + 아 → 가.
Conjugation table
pron. = pronunciation guide · RR = Revised Romanization
| Tense | Casual (반말) | Polite (요) | Formal (합니다) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | 과요 gwah-yoh gwayo | 곱니다 gohm-nee-dah gomnida | |
| Past | 괐어 gwah-ssuh gwasseo | 괐어요 gwah-ssuh-yoh gwasseoyo | 괐습니다 gwah-sseum-nee-dah gwasseumnida |
| Future | 골 거야 gohl guh-yah gol geoya | 골 거예요 gohl guh-yae-yoh gol geoyeyo | 골 겁니다 gohl guhm-nee-dah gol geomnida |
Other useful forms
Honorific / Command Polite (-(으)세요)
고세요
goh-sae-yoh
goseyo
Suggestion / Let's Polite (요)
과요
gwah-yoh
gwayo
Question Polite (요)
과요?
gwah-yoh-?
gwayo?
Connective "and" — (고)
고고
goh-goh
gogo
Conditional "if" — (면)
고면
goh-myuhn
gomyeon
Progressive (고 있어요)
고고 있어요
goh-goh ee-ssuh-yoh
gogo isseoyo
Want to (고 싶어요)
고고 싶어요
goh-goh shee-puh-yoh
gogo sipeoyo
Can / Able to ((으)ㄹ 수 있어요)
골 수 있어요
gohl soo ee-ssuh-yoh
gol su isseoyo
Because / So (아/어서)
과서
gwah-suh
gwaseo
Noun form — (기)
고기
goh-gee
gogi
Noun form — (음)
곰
gohm
gom