닫아
dah-dah
dada
regular
닫다
To say to close politely in the present tense, use 닫아요 (dah-dah-yoh) · dadayo. Below is the full conjugation of 닫다 across the three tenses and three everyday speech levels.
Grammar note (regular): Regular verbs and adjectives conjugate predictably. Before 어-series suffixes, vowels may contract (가 + 아 → 가, 보 + 아 → 봐), but no consonant in the stem changes. If the final vowel of the stem is ㅏ or ㅗ, use 아; otherwise use 어. Consonant-final stems: 먹 + 어 → 먹어; vowel-final: 가 + 아 → 가.
Conjugation table
pron. = pronunciation guide · RR = Revised Romanization
| Tense | Casual (반말) | Polite (요) | Formal (합니다) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | 닫아요 dah-dah-yoh dadayo | 닫습니다 daht-seum-nee-dah datseumnida | |
| Past | 닫았어 dah-dah-ssuh dadasseo | 닫았어요 dah-dah-ssuh-yoh dadasseoyo | 닫았습니다 dah-dah-sseum-nee-dah dadasseumnida |
| Future | 닫을 거야 dah-deul guh-yah dadeul geoya | 닫을 거예요 dah-deul guh-yae-yoh dadeul geoyeyo | 닫을 겁니다 dah-deul guhm-nee-dah dadeul geomnida |
Example sentences
- casual present창문 닫아. 추워.Close the window. It’s cold.
- polite present이 식당은 매주 월요일에 문을 닫아요.This restaurant is closed every Monday.
- formal present은행은 오후 4시에 문을 닫습니다.The bank closes at 4 p.m.
- casual past나올 때 문 닫았어?Did you close the door when you left?
- polite past바람이 불어서 창문을 닫았어요.It was windy, so I closed the window.
- formal past그 가게는 작년에 문을 닫았습니다.That shop closed down last year.
- casual future이거 끝나면 가게 닫을 거야.I’m closing the shop once this is done.
- polite future비가 오면 창문을 닫을 거예요.I’ll close the windows if it rains.
- formal future공사 때문에 내일은 이 출구를 닫을 겁니다.This exit will be closed tomorrow because of construction.
- honorific -(으)세요나가실 때 문을 닫으세요.Please close the door on your way out.
How it’s used
닫다 means to close or shut. 문을 닫다 also means a business closing, either for the day or for good. For something that closes by itself or is closed, use 닫히다: 문이 닫혀요.
Common mistake
Treating 닫다 as ㄷ-irregular: ✗ 달아요 → ✓ 닫아요. Like 받다, 닫다 keeps its ㄷ before a vowel.
Other useful forms
Honorific / Command Polite (-(으)세요)
닫으세요
dah-deu-sae-yoh
dadeuseyo
Suggestion / Let's Polite (요)
닫아요
dah-dah-yoh
dadayo
Question Polite (요)
닫아요?
dah-dah-yoh-?
dadayo?
Connective "and" — (고)
닫고
daht-goh
datgo
Conditional "if" — (면)
닫으면
dah-deu-myuhn
dadeumyeon
Progressive (고 있어요)
닫고 있어요
daht-goh ee-ssuh-yoh
datgo isseoyo
Want to (고 싶어요)
닫고 싶어요
daht-goh shee-puh-yoh
datgo sipeoyo
Can / Able to ((으)ㄹ 수 있어요)
닫을 수 있어요
dah-deul soo ee-ssuh-yoh
dadeul su isseoyo
Because / So (아/어서)
닫아서
dah-dah-suh
dadaseo
Noun form — (기)
닫기
daht-gee
datgi
Noun form — (음)
닫음
dah-deum
dadeum