지각해
chee-gah-kae
jigakae
지각하다
To say to be late (for work, school, etc.) politely in the present tense, use 지각해요 (chee-gah-kae-yoh) · jigakaeyo. Below is the full conjugation of 지각하다 across the three tenses and three everyday speech levels.
Grammar note (하다 verb): 하다 verbs are formed with a Sino-Korean noun + 하다 (e.g. 공부하다 = study + do). 하다 conjugates irregularly: the ㅏ in 하 contracts with the -아/-어 suffix to give 해 (not *하어). Present polite: 해요; past polite: 했어요. The formal ending is 합니다 (not *하습니다). Most noun+하다 compounds follow this pattern uniformly. See all 하다 verbs →
Conjugation table
pron. = pronunciation guide · RR = Revised Romanization
Highlighted = where the stem changes
| Tense | Casual (반말) | Polite (요) | Formal (합니다) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | 지각해요 chee-gah-kae-yoh jigakaeyo | 지각합니다 chee-gah-kahm-nee-dah jigakamnida | |
| Past | 지각했어 chee-gah-kae-ssuh jigakaesseo | 지각했어요 chee-gah-kae-ssuh-yoh jigakaesseoyo | 지각했습니다 chee-gah-kae-sseum-nee-dah jigakaesseumnida |
| Future | 지각할 거야 chee-gah-kahl guh-yah jigakal geoya | 지각할 거예요 chee-gah-kahl guh-yae-yoh jigakal geoyeyo | 지각할 겁니다 chee-gah-kahl guhm-nee-dah jigakal geomnida |
Other useful forms
Honorific / Command Polite (-(으)세요)
지각하세요
chee-gah-kah-sae-yoh
jigakaseyo
Suggestion / Let's Polite (요)
지각해요
chee-gah-kae-yoh
jigakaeyo
Question Polite (요)
지각해요?
chee-gah-kae-yoh-?
jigakaeyo?
Connective "and" — (고)
지각하고
chee-gah-kah-goh
jigakago
Conditional "if" — (면)
지각하면
chee-gah-kah-myuhn
jigakamyeon
Progressive (고 있어요)
지각하고 있어요
chee-gah-kah-goh ee-ssuh-yoh
jigakago isseoyo
Want to (고 싶어요)
지각하고 싶어요
chee-gah-kah-goh shee-puh-yoh
jigakago sipeoyo
Can / Able to ((으)ㄹ 수 있어요)
지각할 수 있어요
chee-gah-kahl soo ee-ssuh-yoh
jigakal su isseoyo
Because / So (아/어서)
지각해서
chee-gah-kae-suh
jigakaeseo
Noun form — (기)
지각하기
chee-gah-kah-gee
jigakagi
Noun form — (음)
지각함
chee-gah-kahm
jigakam