가난해
gah-nahn-hae
gananhae
가난하다
To say poor (not wealthy) politely in the present tense, use 가난해요 (gah-nahn-hae-yoh) · gananhaeyo. Below is the full conjugation of 가난하다 across the three tenses and three everyday speech levels.
Grammar note (하다 verb (adj)): 하다 adjectives use the same verb 하다 as a suffix to turn descriptive nouns into predicates (행복하다 = to be happy). They conjugate identically to 하다 verbs: the 하 contracts before -아/-어 suffixes to give 해. 행복해요, 행복했어요, 행복합니다. See all 하다 verbs →
Conjugation table
pron. = pronunciation guide · RR = Revised Romanization
Highlighted = where the stem changes
| Tense | Casual (반말) | Polite (요) | Formal (합니다) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | 가난해요 gah-nahn-hae-yoh gananhaeyo | 가난합니다 gah-nahn-hahm-nee-dah gananhamnida | |
| Past | 가난했어 gah-nahn-hae-ssuh gananhaesseo | 가난했어요 gah-nahn-hae-ssuh-yoh gananhaesseoyo | 가난했습니다 gah-nahn-hae-sseum-nee-dah gananhaesseumnida |
| Future | 가난할 거야 gah-nahn-hahl guh-yah gananhal geoya | 가난할 거예요 gah-nahn-hahl guh-yae-yoh gananhal geoyeyo | 가난할 겁니다 gah-nahn-hahl guhm-nee-dah gananhal geomnida |
Other useful forms
Honorific / Command Polite (-(으)세요)
가난하세요
gah-nahn-hah-sae-yoh
gananhaseyo
Suggestion / Let's Polite (요)
가난해요
gah-nahn-hae-yoh
gananhaeyo
Question Polite (요)
가난해요?
gah-nahn-hae-yoh-?
gananhaeyo?
Connective "and" — (고)
가난하고
gah-nahn-hah-goh
gananhago
Conditional "if" — (면)
가난하면
gah-nahn-hah-myuhn
gananhamyeon
Progressive (고 있어요)
가난하고 있어요
gah-nahn-hah-goh ee-ssuh-yoh
gananhago isseoyo
Want to (고 싶어요)
가난하고 싶어요
gah-nahn-hah-goh shee-puh-yoh
gananhago sipeoyo
Can / Able to ((으)ㄹ 수 있어요)
가난할 수 있어요
gah-nahn-hahl soo ee-ssuh-yoh
gananhal su isseoyo
Because / So (아/어서)
가난해서
gah-nahn-hae-suh
gananhaeseo
Noun form — (기)
가난하기
gah-nahn-hah-gee
gananhagi
Noun form — (음)
가난함
gah-nahn-hahm
gananham