갈음해
gah-reum-hae
gareumhae
갈음하다
To say to substitute politely in the present tense, use 갈음해요 (gah-reum-hae-yoh) · gareumhaeyo. Below is the full conjugation of 갈음하다 across the three tenses and three everyday speech levels.
Grammar note (하다 verb): 하다 verbs are formed with a Sino-Korean noun + 하다 (e.g. 공부하다 = study + do). 하다 conjugates irregularly: the ㅏ in 하 contracts with the -아/-어 suffix to give 해 (not *하어). Present polite: 해요; past polite: 했어요. The formal ending is 합니다 (not *하습니다). Most noun+하다 compounds follow this pattern uniformly. See all 하다 verbs →
Conjugation table
pron. = pronunciation guide · RR = Revised Romanization
Highlighted = where the stem changes
| Tense | Casual (반말) | Polite (요) | Formal (합니다) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | 갈음해요 gah-reum-hae-yoh gareumhaeyo | 갈음합니다 gah-reum-hahm-nee-dah gareumhamnida | |
| Past | 갈음했어 gah-reum-hae-ssuh gareumhaesseo | 갈음했어요 gah-reum-hae-ssuh-yoh gareumhaesseoyo | 갈음했습니다 gah-reum-hae-sseum-nee-dah gareumhaesseumnida |
| Future | 갈음할 거야 gah-reum-hahl guh-yah gareumhal geoya | 갈음할 거예요 gah-reum-hahl guh-yae-yoh gareumhal geoyeyo | 갈음할 겁니다 gah-reum-hahl guhm-nee-dah gareumhal geomnida |
Other useful forms
Honorific / Command Polite (-(으)세요)
갈음하세요
gah-reum-hah-sae-yoh
gareumhaseyo
Suggestion / Let's Polite (요)
갈음해요
gah-reum-hae-yoh
gareumhaeyo
Question Polite (요)
갈음해요?
gah-reum-hae-yoh-?
gareumhaeyo?
Connective "and" — (고)
갈음하고
gah-reum-hah-goh
gareumhago
Conditional "if" — (면)
갈음하면
gah-reum-hah-myuhn
gareumhamyeon
Progressive (고 있어요)
갈음하고 있어요
gah-reum-hah-goh ee-ssuh-yoh
gareumhago isseoyo
Want to (고 싶어요)
갈음하고 싶어요
gah-reum-hah-goh shee-puh-yoh
gareumhago sipeoyo
Can / Able to ((으)ㄹ 수 있어요)
갈음할 수 있어요
gah-reum-hahl soo ee-ssuh-yoh
gareumhal su isseoyo
Because / So (아/어서)
갈음해서
gah-reum-hae-suh
gareumhaeseo
Noun form — (기)
갈음하기
gah-reum-hah-gee
gareumhagi
Noun form — (음)
갈음함
gah-reum-hahm
gareumham